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    <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
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    <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
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    <title>Chillin' Polar - About Page</title>
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    <title>Chillin' Polar - Ryan Carmody</title>
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                <li><a href="matt.html">Matt</a></li>
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                <li><a href="matt.html">Matt</a></li>
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            </ul>
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            </ul>
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        </div>
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        </div>
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        <div id="content" >
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        <div id="content" >
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            <h3>Settlements</h3>
- 
 
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- 
 
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            <ul>
- 
 
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                <li>
- 
 
 43 
                    <p>
- 
 
 44 
                        Canadian Inuit live primarily in
- 
 
 45 
                        <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunavut">Nunavut</a>,
- 
 
 46 
                        a territory in Canada.
- 
 
 47 
                    </p>
- 
 
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                </li>
- 
 
 49 
                <li>
- 
 
 50 
                    <p>
- 
 
 51 
                        There have been Inuit settlements in
- 
 
 52 
                        <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukon">Yukon</a>, especially
- 
 
 53 
                        at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herschel_Island">Herschel
- 
 
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                        Island</a>, but there are none at present.
- 
 
 55 
                    </p>
- 
 
 56 
                </li>
- 
 
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                <li>
- 
 
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                    <p>
- 
 
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                        Crossed the Bering Land Bridge during the Ice Age 35,000 to 22,000 BCE.
- 
 
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                    </p>
- 
 
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                </li>
- 
 
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                <li>
- 
 
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                    <p>
- 
 
 64 
                        Inuit also lived in temporary shelters made from show in winter (the
- 
 
 65 
                        famous <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igloo">Igloo</a>), and
- 
 
 66 
                        during the few months of the year when temperatures were above freezing,
- 
 
 67 
                        they lived in tents made of animal skins and bones.
- 
 
 68 
                    </p>
- 
 
 69 
                </li>
- 
 
 70 
            </ul>
- 
 
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- 
 
 72 
            <h3>Language Terms of the Region</h3>
- 
 
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- 
 
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            <ul>
- 
 
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                <li>
- 
 
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                    <p>
- 
 
 77 
                        In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a>,
- 
 
 78 
                        the language of the Inuit people, "Inuit" means "the people".
- 
 
 79 
                    </p>
- 
 
 80 
                </li>
- 
 
 81 
                <li>
- 
 
 82 
                    <p>
- 
 
 83 
                        The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Language">English</a>
- 
 
 84 
                        word "Eskimo" is a Native American word which is widely believed to
- 
 
 85 
                        mean "eater of raw meat," although this meaning is disputed.
- 
 
 86 
                    </p>
- 
 
 87 
                </li>
- 
 
 88 
                <li>
- 
 
 89 
                    <p>
- 
 
 90 
                        Many Inuit consider the word <em>Eskimo</em> offensive, but it is
- 
 
 91 
                        still in general usage to refer to all Eskimo peoples.
- 
 
 92 
                    </p>
- 
 
 93 
                </li>
- 
 
 94 
            </ul>
- 
 
 95 
 
- 
 
 96 
            <h3>Travel</h3>
- 
 
 97
39 
            <ol>
 98 
            <ul>
- 
 
 99 
                <li>
- 
 
 100 
                    <p>
- 
 
 101 
                        Sea animals were hunted from single-passenger, covered seal-skin
- 
 
 102 
                        boats called <em>qajait</em> which were extraordinarily buoyant,
- 
 
 103 
                        and could easily be righted by a seated person, even if completely
- 
 
 104 
                        overturned. Because of this property, the Inuit design was copied
- 
 
 105 
                        - along with the Inuit word - by Europeans who still make and use
- 
 
 106 
                        them under the name kayak. Inuit also made umiaq - larger, open
- 
 
 107 
                        boats made out of skins and bones for transporting people, goods and
- 
 
 108 
                        dogs.
- 
 
 109 
                    </p>
- 
 
 110 
                </li>
- 
 
 111 
                <li>
- 
 
 112 
                    <p>
- 
 
 113 
                        On land, the Inuit used <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_sled">
- 
 
 114 
                        dog sleds</a> (in Inuktitut, <em>qamutiit</em>, singular <em>qamutiq</em>
- 
 
 115 
                        ) for transportation. The
- 
 
 116 
                        <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sled_dog">husky</a> dog breed
- 
 
 117 
                        comes from Inuit breeding of dogs for transportation.
- 
 
 118 
                    </p>
- 
 
 119 
                </li>
40 
                <li>
 120 
                <li>
41 
                    <p>Settlements</p>
 - 
 
42 
                    <ul>
 - 
 
43 
                        <li><p>
 - 
 
44 
                            Canadian Inuit live primarily in
 - 
 
45 
                            <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunavut">Nunavut</a>,
 - 
 
46 
                            a territory in Canada.
 - 
 
47 
                        </p></li>
 - 
 
48 
                        <li><p>
 - 
 
49 
                            There have been Inuit settlements in
- 
 
50 
                            <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukon">Yukon</a>, especially
 - 
 
51 
                            at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herschel_Island">Herschel
 - 
 
52 
                            Island</a>, but there are none at present.
 - 
 
53 
                        </p></li>
 - 
 
54 
                        <li><p>
 - 
 
55 
                            Crossed the Bering Land Bridge during the Ice Age 35,000 to 22,000 BCE.
 - 
 
56 
                        </p></li>
 - 
 
57 
                        <li><p>
 - 
 
58 
                            Inuit also lived in temporary shelters made from show in winter (the
 - 
 
59 
                            famous <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igloo">Igloo</a>), and
 - 
 
60 
                            during the few months of the year when temperatures were above freezing,
 - 
 
61 
                            they lived in tents made of animal skins and bones.
 - 
 
62 
                        </p></li>
 - 
 
63 
                    </ul>
 - 
 
64 
                </li>
 - 
 
65 
                <li>
 - 
 
66 
                    <p>Language Terms of the Region</p>
 - 
 
67 
                    <ul>
 - 
 
68 
                        <li><p>
 - 
 
69 
                            In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a>,
 - 
 
70 
                            the language of the Inuit people, "Inuit" means "the people".
 - 
 
71 
                        </p></li>
 - 
 
72 
                        <li><p>
 - 
 
73 
                            The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Language">English</a>
 - 
 
74 
                            word "Eskimo" is a Native American word which is widely believed to
 - 
 
75 
                            mean "eater of raw meat," although this meaning is disputed.
 - 
 
76 
                        </p></li>
 - 
 
77 
                        <li><p>
 - 
 
78 
                            Many Inuit consider the word <em>Eskimo</em> offensive, but it is
 - 
 
79 
                            still in general usage to refer to all Eskimo peoples.
 - 
 
80 
                        </p></li>
 - 
 
81 
                    </ul>
 - 
 
82 
                </li>
 - 
 
83 
                <li>
 - 
 
84 
                    <p>Travel</p>
 - 
 
85 
                    <ul>
 121 
                    <p>
86 
                        <li><p>
 - 
 
87 
                            Sea animals were hunted from single-passenger, covered seal-skin
 - 
 
88 
                            boats called <em>qajait</em> which were extraordinarily buoyant,
 - 
 
89 
                            and could easily be righted by a seated person, even if completely
 - 
 
90 
                            overturned. Because of this property, the Inuit design was copied
 - 
 
91 
                            - along with the Inuit word - by Europeans who still make and use
 - 
 
92 
                            them under the name kayak. Inuit also made umiaq - larger, open
 - 
 
93 
                            boats made out of skins and bones for transporting people, goods and
 - 
 
94 
                            dogs.
 - 
 
95 
                        </p></li>
 - 
 
96 
                        <li><p>
 - 
 
97 
                            On land, the Inuit used <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_sled">
 - 
 
98 
                            dog sleds</a> (in Inuktitut, <em>qamutiit</em>, singular <em>qamutiq</em>
 - 
 
99 
                            ) for transportation. The
 - 
 
100 
                            <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sled_dog">husky</a> dog breed
 - 
 
101 
                            comes from Inuit breeding of dogs for transportation.
 - 
 
102 
                        </p></li>
 - 
 
103 
                        <li><p>
 - 
 
104 
                            They used landmarks to navigate, and possessed a comprehensive
 122 
                        They used landmarks to navigate, and possessed a comprehensive
105 
                            native system of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toponymy">
 123 
                        native system of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toponymy">
106 
                            toponymy</a>. Where natural landmarks were insufficient, the Inuit
 124 
                        toponymy</a>. Where natural landmarks were insufficient, the Inuit
107 
                            would erect an <em>inukshuk</em> (a stone landmark used as a
 125 
                        would erect an <em>inukshuk</em> (a stone landmark used as a
108 
                            milestone or directional marker, sometimes created in the appearance
 126 
                        milestone or directional marker, sometimes created in the appearance
109 
                            of a man) to compensate.
 127 
                        of a man) to compensate.
110 
                        </p></li>
 128 
                    </p>
111 
                    </ul>
 129 
                </li>
- 
 
 130 
            </ul>
112 
 
 131 
 
113 
                    <p class="centeredImg">
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            <p class="centeredImg">
114 
                        <img src="images/general/rjc_olympics.png" alt="Vancouver 2010 Logo" />
 133 
                <img src="images/general/rjc_olympics.png" alt="Vancouver 2010 Logo" />
- 
 
 134 
            </p>
- 
 
 135
- 
 
 136 
            <h3>Clothing</h3>
- 
 
 137
- 
 
 138 
            <ul>
- 
 
 139 
                <li>
- 
 
 140 
                    <p>
- 
 
 141 
                        The hoods of Inuit women's parkas - <em>amautiit</em> (singular
- 
 
 142 
                        <em>amauti</em>, <em>amaut</em> or <em>amautik</em>) in Inuktitut -
- 
 
 143 
                        were traditionally made extra large; to protect the baby from the
- 
 
 144 
                        harsh wind when snuggled against the mother's back.
- 
 
 145 
                    </p>
- 
 
 146 
                </li>
- 
 
 147 
                <li>
- 
 
 148 
                    <p>
- 
 
 149 
                        Boots (Inuktitut: <em>kamik</em> or <em>
- 
 
 150 
                        <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukluk">mukluk</a></em>)
- 
 
 151 
                        could be made of caribou or sealskin, and designs varied for men
- 
 
 152 
                        and women.
115 
                    </p>
 153 
                    </p>
- 
 
 154 
                </li>
- 
 
 155 
            </ul>
116
156
- 
 
 157 
            <h3>Oral Tradition Facts and Myths</h3>
- 
 
 158
- 
 
 159 
            <ul>
- 
 
 160 
                <li>
- 
 
 161 
                    <p>
- 
 
 162 
                        Nearly all Inuit cultures have oral traditions of raids by Indians
- 
 
 163 
                        and fellow Inuit, and of taking vengeance on them in return.
- 
 
 164 
                        Although these tales are generally regarded not as accurate
- 
 
 165 
                        historical accounts but as self-serving myths - violence against
- 
 
 166 
                        outsiders as justified revenge - it does make clear that there was a
- 
 
 167 
                        history of hostile contact between Inuit and other cultures.
- 
 
 168 
                    </p>
117 
                </li>
 169 
                </li>
118 
                <li>
 170 
                <li>
119 
                    <p>Clothing</p>
 - 
 
120 
                    <ul>
 171 
                    <p>
121 
                        <li><p>
 - 
 
122 
                            The hoods of Inuit women's parkas - <em>amautiit</em> (singular
 - 
 
123 
                            <em>amauti</em>, <em>amaut</em> or <em>amautik</em>) in Inuktitut -
 - 
 
124 
                            were traditionally made extra large; to protect the baby from the
 - 
 
125 
                            harsh wind when snuggled against the mother's back.
 - 
 
126 
                        </p></li>
 - 
 
127 
                        <li><p>
 - 
 
128 
                            Boots (Inuktitut: <em>kamik</em> or <em>
 - 
 
129 
                            <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukluk">mukluk</a></em>)
 - 
 
130 
                            could be made of caribou or sealskin, and designs varied for men
 - 
 
131 
                            and women.
 - 
 
132 
                        </p></li>
 - 
 
133 
                    </ul>
 - 
 
134 
                </li>
 - 
 
135 
                <li>
 - 
 
136 
                    <p>Oral Tradition Facts and Myths</p>
 - 
 
137 
                    <ul>
 - 
 
138 
                        <li><p>
 - 
 
139 
                            Nearly all Inuit cultures have oral traditions of raids by Indians
 - 
 
140 
                            and fellow Inuit, and of taking vengeance on them in return.
 - 
 
141 
                            Although these tales are generally regarded not as accurate
 - 
 
142 
                            historical accounts but as self-serving myths - violence against
 - 
 
143 
                            outsiders as justified revenge - it does make clear that there was a
 - 
 
144 
                            history of hostile contact between Inuit and other cultures.
 - 
 
145 
                        </p></li>
 - 
 
146 
                        <li><p>
 - 
 
147 
                            Even within an Inuit band, breaching traditional justice and wronging
 172 
                        Even within an Inuit band, breaching traditional justice and wronging
148 
                            another Inuit was routinely punished by murderous vengeance, as the
 173 
                        another Inuit was routinely punished by murderous vengeance, as the
149 
                            story of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atanarjuat">Atanarjuat</a>
 174 
                        story of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atanarjuat">Atanarjuat</a>
150 
                            shows. Within a community, punishments were meted out by community
 175 
                        shows. Within a community, punishments were meted out by community
151 
                            decision, or by the elders, and a breach meant that the victim and his
 176 
                        decision, or by the elders, and a breach meant that the victim and his
152 
                            or her relatives could seek out restitution or revenge.
 177 
                        or her relatives could seek out restitution or revenge.
153 
                        </p></li>
 - 
 
154 
                        <li><p>
 - 
 
155 
                            Martin Frobisher, attempted to find the Northwest Passage. He
 - 
 
156 
                            encountered Inuit on Resolution Island. Five sailors jumped ship and
 - 
 
157 
                            became part of Inuit mythology. The homesick sailors tired of their
 - 
 
158 
                            adventure attempted to leave in a small vessel and vanished.
 - 
 
159 
                            Frobisher brought an unwilling Inuk to England, doubtless the first
 - 
 
160 
                            Inuk ever to visit Europe. The Inuit oral tradition, in contrast,
 - 
 
161 
                            recounts the natives helping Frobisher's crewmen, who believed they
 - 
 
162 
                            had been abandoned.
 - 
 
163 
                        </p></li>
 - 
 
164 
                        <li>
 - 
 
165 
                            <p>
 - 
 
166 
                                The Moravian missionaries could easily provide the Inuit with the iron
 - 
 
167 
                                and basic materials they had been stealing from whaling outposts -
 - 
 
168 
                                materials whose real cost to Europeans was almost nothing, but whose
 - 
 
169 
                                value to the Inuit was enormous - and from then on contacts in
 - 
 
170 
                                Labrador were far more peaceful.
 - 
 
171 
                            </p>
 - 
 
172 
                            <ul>
 - 
 
173 
                                <li><p>
 - 
 
174 
                                    Inuit Throat Singing – This cultural form of artistic
 - 
 
175 
                                    expressive came along with the Inuit across the Bering
 - 
 
176 
                                    Ice Bridge. Originally decreed illegal by priests, throat
 - 
 
177 
                                    singing has came back into the mainstream.
 - 
 
178 
                                </p></li>
 - 
 
179 
                                <li><p>
 - 
 
180 
                                    Inuit throat-singing is done the following way: two women
 - 
 
181 
                                    face each other; they may be standing or crouching down; one
 - 
 
182 
                                    is leading, while the other responds; the leader produces a
 - 
 
183 
                                    short rhythmic motif, that she repeats with a short silent gap
 - 
 
184 
                                    in-between, while the other is rhythmically filling in the
 - 
 
185 
                                    gaps.  The game is such that both singers try to show their
 - 
 
186 
                                    vocal abilities in competition, by exchanging these vocal
 - 
 
187 
                                    motives.  The first to run out of breath or be unable to
 - 
 
188 
                                    maintain the pace of the other singer will start to laugh or
 - 
 
189 
                                    simply stop and will thus loose the game.  It generally last
 - 
 
190 
                                    between one and three minutes.  The winner is the singer who
 - 
 
191 
                                    beats the largest number of people.
 - 
 
192 
                                </p></li>
 - 
 
193 
                                <li><p>
 - 
 
194 
                                    Words and meaningless syllables are used in the songs.  When
 - 
 
195 
                                    words are used, no particular poetical meaning or regular
 - 
 
196 
                                    meaning are assigned to them.  These words can simply be
 - 
 
197 
                                    names of ancestors, a word or name meaningful at the time the
 - 
 
198 
                                    games are taking place, or other common words.  The meaningless
 - 
 
199 
                                    syllables generally portray sounds of nature or cries of
 - 
 
200 
                                    animals or birds, or sounds of everyday life. 
 - 
 
201 
                                </p></li>
 - 
 
202 
                            </ul>
 - 
 
203 
                        </li>
 - 
 
204 
                    </ul>
 178 
                    </p>
205 
                </li>
 179 
                </li>
- 
 
 180 
                <li>
- 
 
 181 
                    <p>
- 
 
 182 
                        Martin Frobisher, attempted to find the Northwest Passage. He
- 
 
 183 
                        encountered Inuit on Resolution Island. Five sailors jumped ship and
- 
 
 184 
                        became part of Inuit mythology. The homesick sailors tired of their
- 
 
 185 
                        adventure attempted to leave in a small vessel and vanished.
- 
 
 186 
                        Frobisher brought an unwilling Inuk to England, doubtless the first
- 
 
 187 
                        Inuk ever to visit Europe. The Inuit oral tradition, in contrast,
- 
 
 188 
                        recounts the natives helping Frobisher's crewmen, who believed they
- 
 
 189 
                        had been abandoned.
- 
 
 190 
                    </p>
- 
 
 191 
                </li>
- 
 
 192 
                <li>
- 
 
 193 
                    <p>
- 
 
 194 
                        The Moravian missionaries could easily provide the Inuit with the iron
- 
 
 195 
                        and basic materials they had been stealing from whaling outposts -
- 
 
 196 
                        materials whose real cost to Europeans was almost nothing, but whose
- 
 
 197 
                        value to the Inuit was enormous - and from then on contacts in
- 
 
 198 
                        Labrador were far more peaceful.
- 
 
 199 
                    </p>
- 
 
 200 
                </li>
- 
 
 201 
            </ul>
- 
 
 202
- 
 
 203 
            <h3>Inuit Throat Singing</h3>
- 
 
 204
- 
 
 205 
            <ul>
- 
 
 206 
                <li>
- 
 
 207 
                    <p>
- 
 
 208 
                        This cultural form of artistic expressive came along with the Inuit
- 
 
 209 
                        across the Bering Ice Bridge. Originally decreed illegal by priests,
- 
 
 210 
                        throat singing has came back into the mainstream.
- 
 
 211 
                    </p>
- 
 
 212 
                </li>
- 
 
 213 
                <li>
- 
 
 214 
                    <p>
- 
 
 215 
                        Inuit throat-singing is done the following way: two women
- 
 
 216 
                        face each other; they may be standing or crouching down; one
- 
 
 217 
                        is leading, while the other responds; the leader produces a
- 
 
 218 
                        short rhythmic motif, that she repeats with a short silent gap
- 
 
 219 
                        in-between, while the other is rhythmically filling in the
- 
 
 220 
                        gaps.  The game is such that both singers try to show their
- 
 
 221 
                        vocal abilities in competition, by exchanging these vocal
- 
 
 222 
                        motives.  The first to run out of breath or be unable to
- 
 
 223 
                        maintain the pace of the other singer will start to laugh or
- 
 
 224 
                        simply stop and will thus loose the game.  It generally last
- 
 
 225 
                        between one and three minutes.  The winner is the singer who
- 
 
 226 
                        beats the largest number of people.
- 
 
 227 
                    </p>
- 
 
 228 
                </li>
- 
 
 229 
                <li>
- 
 
 230 
                    <p>
- 
 
 231 
                        Words and meaningless syllables are used in the songs.  When
- 
 
 232 
                        words are used, no particular poetical meaning or regular
- 
 
 233 
                        meaning are assigned to them.  These words can simply be
- 
 
 234 
                        names of ancestors, a word or name meaningful at the time the
- 
 
 235 
                        games are taking place, or other common words.  The meaningless
- 
 
 236 
                        syllables generally portray sounds of nature or cries of
- 
 
 237 
                        animals or birds, or sounds of everyday life. 
- 
 
 238 
                    </p>
- 
 
 239 
                </li>
206 
            </ol>
 240 
            </ul>
207 
 
 241 
 
208 
            <p class="centeredImg">
 242 
            <p class="centeredImg">
209 
                <img src="images/general/rjc_map.png" alt="Map of Inuit Cities" />
 243 
                <img src="images/general/rjc_map.png" alt="Map of Inuit Cities" />
210 
            </p>
 244 
            </p>
211 
 
 245